•Reported spech.
1 . Direct speech. (kalimat langsung).
Direct speech adalah kata-kata/kalimat yang diucapkan langsung oleh si pembicara.
2 . Indirect speech ( kalimat tak langsung).
Indirect speech adalah kalimat yang diucapkan untuk melaporkan kata-kata si pembicara kepada orang lain. Jadi,Indirect Speech (Reported Speech) digunakan bila kita ingin melaporkan kata-kata seseorang kepada orang lain secara tak langsung.
Perubahan-perubahan yang perlu dari Direct ke Indirect Speech.
1. To be & Auxiliary Verbs.
Direct Indirect
Am/is/are - was/ware
Shall/will - should/would
Can - could
May - might
Must Have/has to - had to
Ought to
2. Time & Place (Keterangan waktu dan tempat).
Direct Indirect
Now - Then
Tomorrow - the following day
Next week - the following week
Tonight - that night
Today - that day
Yesterday - the day before
Last night - the night before
Last week - the week before/the previous week
Here - there
This - that
These - those
3. Tenses.
Direct Indirect
Simple present - Simple past
Simple past - past perfectPresent perfect
Present continous - past continous
Present perfect continous - pas perfect continous
Simple future - pas future
Direct & Indirect Speech terdiri dari 3 jenis,yaitu :
1. STATEMENT.
Dalam indirect Statement,kita menggunakan kata that (= bahwa) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar (introductory phrase) dan kata-kata yang dilaporkan (reported words). Kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam indirect Statement yaitu :
He saidHe said to me that + reported words
He told me
e.g. 1. Mary told her friend: “I have been to bali twice”.
(Mary told her friends that she had been to bali twice).
2. Father said: “I am going out of town the tomorrow”.
(Father said that he was going out of town the following day).
3. Mary told john: “My father warned me last night”.
(Mary told john that her father had warned her the night before).
4. My sister said to me: “I don’t like tennis”.
(My sister said to me that she didn’t like tennis).
5. Tom said: “I didn’t go to school this morning”.
(Tom said that he hadn’t gone to school that morning).
2. COMMAND
Command dibagi menjadi 2 (dua) bagian yaitu Cositive command dan Negative command.
1. Positive Command.
Dalam perintah positive kita tambahkan to didepan kalimat perintahnya,sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan perintah yang dilaporkan. Kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam kalimat jenis ini ialah :
He asked me to + infinitive He told me
e.g. 1. He asked me: “ Open your book”.
(He asked me to open my book).
2. Mary told me: “Stop talking to jane.”
(Mary told me to stop talking to jane).
3. Mother asked john: “Pay attention to what i say”.
(Mother asked to john to pay attention to what i say).
4. John told Mary: “Wait until i come”.
(John told mary to wait until he comes).
5. The teacher said to the student: “Be quiet while i am talking”.
(The teacher told the student to be quiet while he is talking).
2. Negative Command.
Dalam perintah negative kita tambahkan not to didepan perintah yang dilaporkan.
e.g. 1. Mary told john: “Don’t wait for me”.
(Mary told john not to wait for her).
2. I told him: “Don’t mention it to anyone”.
(I told him not to mention it to anyone).
3. Father asked her: “Don’t go there alone”.
(Father told her not to go there alone).
4. Ira asked Tom: “Don’t come to my house again”.
(Ira asked Tom not to come to her house again)
5. Mother asked john: “Don’t soke to much”
(Mother asked john not to smoke to much).
3. QUESTION.
Bila pertanyaan langsung (direct question) menggunakan kata-kata Tanya seperti ; Where,When,Why,Who,How,dll. Maka kata-kata tersebut digunakan sebagai penghubung dalam Reported Speech.Pertanyaan yang dilontarkan berubah menjadi bentuk positif. Kalimat Pengantarnya yaitu :
He asked me where + Positive Form. when etc.
e.g. 1. The man asked me: “where do you live?”
(The man asked me where I live).
2. John asked Mary: “Why do you get angry with me?”
(John asked Mary why she got angry with him).
3. I asked him: “When did you back form your trip?”
(I asked him when he had back form his trip).
4. He asked me: “How will you go there?”
(He asked me how I would go there)
5. John asked the girl: “What is your name?”
(John asked the girl what her name was).
Bila pertanyaan langsung tidak menggunakan kata-kata Tanya,dan hanya merupakan pertanyaan dalam bentuk “Yes & No Question”, maka kita menggunakan kata-kata if,whether (= jika,apakah) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan pertanyaan yang dilaporkan.
e.g. 1. The boy asked john: “Does Mary live near hear?”
(The boy asked john if Mary lived near there).
2. The teacher asked her: “Have you finished your home work?”
(The teacher asked her if she had finished her home work).
3. Mary asked me: “Did you see john at the party last night?”
(Mary asked me whether I had seen john at the party the night before).
4. We asked them: “Will you go to the movie with us to night?”
(We asked them whether they would go to the movie with us that night)
5. Mother asked Tom: “Are you going to marry her?”
(Mother asked Tom if he was going to marry her)
